MobiTV reaches six million subscribers

MobiTV says it has surpassed six million subscribers for its managed mobile media service, which is available on more than 350 handsets across 20 carrier networks, including AT&T and Alltel, in the US.

“MobiTV’s bullish approach to subscriber growth, despite the economy, has allowed us to be a catalyst for increased mobile television adoption,” said Charlie Nooney, chairman and CEO, MobiTV, in a statement. “The biggest hurdle to adoption is no longer availability or technology; it is awareness, and as the market leader we’re poised to capitalize on increasing consumer demand for compelling, entertaining TV and VOD for the mobile phone.”

MobiTV’s content offerings include primetime shows from NBC and ABC, along with more than 40 channels of content, including ESPN, Disney, CNBC, MSNBC and more. “We’re seeing growth driven by major television events, from the Olympics to Election Day,” said Paul Scanlan, president and co-founder of MobiTV.

MobiTV also announced its Media Distribution Platform is now capable of delivering live streaming and on demand video content to the iPhone. The user interface of the MobiTV service has been adapted to suit the features of the iPhone.

Bluetooth Devices Other Devices

Other Devices
The list of Bluetooth enabled devices is growing all the time. Other devices that now come with Bluetooth technology include cameras, camcorders, keyboards, mice and photo frames to name a few.
Bluetooth Glossary
This Bluetooth Glossary will explain more about the different profile types and help you to understand bluetooth compatibility.

Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP)
The A2DP profile describes how stereo quality audio can be streamed from a media source. A typical usage scenario can be considered as the “walkman” class of media player. The audio source would be the music player and the audio output is the wireless headset. A2DP defines the protocols and procedures that allow the distribution of high quality audio content in mono or stereo.

Audio/Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP)
AVRCP is designed to provide a standard interface to control TVs, Hifi equipment, etc… This profile is used to allow a single remote control (or other device) to control all the A/V equipment that a user has access to. AVRCP defines how to control characteristics of streaming media. This includes pausing, stopping, starting playback and volume control as well as other types of remote control operations.

Bluetooth Profiles
Bluetooth profiles are general behaviours through which Bluetooth enabled devices communicate with other devices. Bluetooth technology defines a wide range of profiles that describe many different types of use cases. In order to use Bluetooth technology, a device must be able to interpret certain Bluetooth profiles. The profiles define the possible applications.

Dial-up Networking Profile (DUN)
DUN provides a standard to access the Internet and other dial-up services via Bluetooth wireless technology. The most common scenario is accessing the Internet from a laptop by dialling up on a mobile phone, wirelessly.

Generic Object Exchange Profile (GOEP)
GOEP is used to transfer an object from one device to another. The object may be any object such as a picture, document, business card, etc. The profile defines two roles, a server that provides the location from which an object is pulled or pushed, as well as a client that initiates the action. GOEP provides a generic blueprint for other profiles using the OBEX protocol.

Hands-Free Profile (HFP)
HFP describes how a gateway device can be used to place and receive calls for a handsfree device. A typical configuration is a car using a mobile phone as a gateway device. In the car, the stereo is used for the phone audio and a microphone is installed in the car for sending outgoing audio of the conversation. HFP is also used for a personal computer to act as a speakerphone for a mobile phone in a home or office environment.

Headset Profile (HSP)
The HSP describes how a Bluetooth enabled headset should communicate with a mobile phone or other Bluetooth enabled device such as a computer. When connected and configured, the headset can act as the remote device’s audio input and output interface.

Human Interface Device Profile (HID)
The HID profile defines the protocols, procedures and features to be used by Bluetooth enabled HID, such as keyboards, pointing devices, gaming devices, and remote monitoring devices. Sony Ericsson handsets support the HID profile.

Object Exchange (OBEX) Protocol
OBEX is a transfer protocol that allows devices to exchange files, such as Images, Videos and Music Files

Pairing
The process of establishing a new relationship between two Bluetooth enabled devices. During this process a passkey is exchanged either before connection establishment was requested or during connecting phase. Some devices will need to be put into “pairing mode” before pairing can begin.

Passcode
When pairing devices, it is strongly recommended to use a pass code to authenticate incoming connections. Also, in certain connection situations you may desire additional assurance that you are connecting to the device or person you expect. A pass code can normally be any combination of keys (letters or numbers). Do use caution as some devices do not map characters similarly. Passkeys are valid only for the connection and may be different for other devices or users.

Personal Area Networking Profile (PAN)
PAN describes how two or more Bluetooth enabled devices can form an ad-hoc network and how the same mechanism can be used to access a remote network through a network access point. The profile roles include the network access point, group ad-hoc network and personal area network user.

SIM Access Profile (SAP)
SAP allows devices such as car phones with built in GSM transceivers to connect to a SIM card in a Bluetooth enabled phone. Therefore the car phone itself does not require a separate SIM card.

Synchronization Profile (SYNC)
The SYNC profile is used in conjunction with GOEP to enable synchronization of calendar and address information (personal information manager (PIM) items) between Bluetooth enabled devices. A common application of this profile is the exchange of data between a PDA and computer.

Pairing Mode
Most Bluetooth devices will need to be put into pairing mode before it can be linked to another device. During pairing mode the device will send out a signal that will allow it to be found by the device that is trying to link to it. By having a pairing mode it prevents unauthorised users from accessing a device.

Bluetooth Devices Bluetooth Speakers

Bluetooth Speakers

Bluetooth speakers offer the same kind of functionality as Simple Car Kits but are designed to be used in the home. Some models have LCD displays that can display album art and keys to answer - end calls. For stereo streaming your phone will need to support the A2DP profile. To control your phone’s music playback your phone will need the AVRCP profile. See the Bluetooth glossary for information on Bluetooth Profiles.

Bluetooth Devices Bluetooth GPS Receiver

Bluetooth GPS Receiver

Sat Nav is the latest must have device on your mobile. Bluetooth GPS receivers can add Sat Nav functionality to your phone. The features on a GPS receiver are pretty standard and the only things you would need to bear in mind are size, weight and most importantly compatibility with your phone. Not all handsets will support the required GPS software.

Bluetooth Devices Professionally Installed Multimedia Car Kits

Professionally Installed Multimedia Car Kits

As the name suggests, these have exactly the same functionality as a professionally installed car kit but as they are connected to your car stereo you can stream music from your phone or MP3 player for high quality sound. Multimedia Kits will normally give you full control over your music and some will have the option to connect non-Bluetooth MP3 players. For stereo streaming your phone will need to support the A2DP profile. To control your phone’s music playback your phone will need the AVRCP profile. See the Bluetooth glossary for information on Bluetooth Profiles.

Bluetooth Devices Professionally Installed Car Kit

Professionally Installed Car Kit

Professionally installed car kits will give you the best possible experience while using your phone hands free in the car. They have a separate speaker and microphone, and with some extra adapters can be routed through your car stereo. Most Bluetooth kits have an LCD screen so you can see who is calling before you answer. Some kits will also allow you to transfer your phonebook contents to the car kit so you can make calls with out having to touch your phone at all.

Bluetooth Devices Multimedia Simple Car Kit

Multimedia Simple Car Kit
A lot more simple than the name suggests, these have exactly the same functionality as a standard Simple Car Kit, but with a built-in FM Transmitter so you can attach your MP3 player by cable or stream music via Bluetooth from your phone through to your car stereo for high quality sound. Depending on the kit you chose, you can have the callers ID or song information shown on your car stereo display. For stereo streaming your phone will need to support the A2DP profile. To control your phone’s music playback your phone will need the AVRCP profile. See the Bluetooth glossary for information on Bluetooth Profiles.

Bluetooth Devices Simple Car Kits

Simple Car Kits

Simple Car Kits are becoming an extremely popular way of safely using your phone whilst driving. With no complicated installation needed, simple Bluetooth Simple Car Kits are battery powered and are normally clipped to your sunvisor or sit in you car’s cigarette lighter socket. These give you the same control over your calls as a personal handsfree but instead of sitting on your ear, they act as a loud speaker in your car. More advanced models will have an LCD screen so you can see the name or number of who is calling you.

Bluetooth Devices Stereo Handsfree

Stereo Handsfree

A fairly new device in terms of Bluetooth headsets. With a stereo Bluetooth headset you can connect it to a compatible Bluetooth device and have your music play in stereo – the same as it would through normal stereo headphones but without the wires. When a call comes in your music is paused while you take the call and resumes when the call is over. You get all the same features as a standard Bluetooth headset, but depending on the model you may get music control features too. For stereo streaming your phone will need to support the A2DP profile. To control your phone’s music playback your phone will need the AVRCP profile. See the Bluetooth glossary for information on Bluetooth Profiles.

Bluetooth Devices Personal Handsfree

Personal Handsfree

The Conventional Bluetooth Headset. These come in a range of shapes and sizes, but what should you look out for when choosing one? Most headsets have the same features; they will answer and end calls, dial the last number you called and activate voice dialling on your phone, as well as adjust the volume of the speaker. The main differences are battery stand by times, weight and call quality.

Bluetooth Devices Bluetooth Dongles

Bluetooth Dongles
Bluetooth dongles vary in size, range, and specification. When choosing your dongle it’s important to consider that not all dongles support all bluetooth functions. Bluetooth Dongles have a range of up to 10 metres or up to 100 metres. If you are looking to connect a Bluetooth headset to make and receive voice calls you will need to make sure it supports the Headset and Handsfree profiles. See the Bluetooth glossary for information on Bluetooth Profiles.

What is Bluetooth?

Bluetooth is a way of wirelessly transferring data from one device to another. Bluetooth first appeared around ten years ago as a quicker and easier method of data transfer than infra-red. With infra-red you had to point two devices together in order for it to work (the same way as you have to point your television remote at your TV.) There were a number of problems with this kind of connection; it was unstable, slow and limited in its uses.

With Bluetooth, you no longer have to line up two devices, you just simply turn on Bluetooth and send to the device you want. Bluetooth technology was initially used for personal hands free kits. The lack of wires made it much more convenient – especially when driving. Over the last few years as prices have fallen and phones have advanced, Bluetooth’s increasing range and even faster speeds has meant it could be used for far more than just hands free kits.

Bluetooth Classes
There are different Bluetooth Classes which give an indication of the range over which data can be transferred:

Class 1 – up to 100m
Class 2 – up to 10m
Class 3 - less than 10m
In order to achieve data communication at these distances you will need both devices to be from the same class.

So what can it do?
Bluetooth is most commonly used for transferring pictures, music and ringtones between phones and connecting to Bluetooth headsets, personal hands free kits and car kits. As more and more phones become multimedia handsets, Bluetooth can also be used to stream music in stereo to wireless speakers and car kits using A2DP technology. With the introduction of Internet Telephony, Bluetooth headsets are now being used with Home PCs to enable wireless calling.

What Bluetooth Devices are available?
Listed below are some of the most popular types of Bluetooth devices available.

Serena Hotel Islamabad Pakistan

Serena Hotel Islamabad Pakistan
Khayaban-E-Suhrawardy, Sector G-5, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
The ultimate luxry hotel. Excellent Service Great Food and worth you money. The Islamabad Serena hotel is probably the best hotel in Pakistan.

Serena Hotel Islamabad is the finest hotel in Pakistan. The hotel is owned and operated by TPS Tourism Promotion Services division of Aga Khan. The Serena Hotel Islamabad is a treat for visitors and business travellers in Islamabad. The hotel has the most exclussive room amenities and top of the line services in restuarants.

Above rates include:-
All Government Taxes
Airport Pickup
Buffet breakfas

Cancellation Policy:- Rooms Must be cancelled atleast 48 Hours before arrival time else 100% cancellation Charges will be charged.

Other Services offered by us
* Private Transfer Service Airport to Serena Hotel Islamabad Hotel US$25.00 Per car
Islamabad City tour 4 Hours US$35 Per Person minimum 2 Persons.
* Including professional Tourist Guide and all entrance fees.
* The above rates include all government taxes and Our service charges. Rates are special discounted rates for Standard rooms at Serena Hotel Islamabad Islamabad offered by Travel & Culture Services. The payment has to be made to the Travel & Culture Services by Bank transfer or Cash upon arrival. In case the payment is to be made to the hotel we will require our service charges to be paid by check cash.

Conference & Events facilities at Serena Hotel Islamabad
Islamabad Serena Hotel can be a vanue for a small or the largest event or conference. Please contact us to organise your meeting at the Serena Hotel Islamabad

To book your events, Meetings, Conferences Marriage parties or any other function in Serena Hotel Islamabad or any other hotel in Islamabad please feel free to contact us we will offer you the best possible rates and perfect arrangements to suit your events.

More details of the Serena Hotel Islamabad provided by the hotel.

Hotel Name : Serena Hotel Islamabad
Address : Khayaban-E-Suharwardy,Opp. Convention Centre
Islamabad Pakistan

Marriott Hotel Information Islamabad Pakistan

Agha Khan Road, Shalimar 5, P.O.Box 1251 Islamabad, 44000 Phone: +92 (51) 111-223344, 2826121 Fax: +92 (51) 2820648, 2825113

Email:marriott@isb.paknet.com.pk Hotel Highlights Computers with broadband connectivity at Deluxe and executive floors. HESCO, Bomb proof and shockproof double security wall), bomb proof and shockproof scanning room. and pass-through gates at the Hotel entrance, New 8 outlets/pillar-less Marquee/conference/Board rooms, and outside catering

Hotel Information
Check-in and Check-out
Check-in: 12:00 pm
Check-out: 12:00 pm
Express check-in and Express check-out
Pet Policy
Pets not allowed
Property Information
5 floors, 258 rooms, 32 suites
14 meeting rooms, 13,126 sq ft of total meeting space
3 concierge levels

Services
* Complimentary Service
* Buffet breakfast
* Full American breakfast
* Shoeshine

Business Services
* Copy service
* Fax service
* Full-service business center
* Messenger service
* Network/Internet printing
* Post/parcel
* Secretarial service

Guest Services
* Babysitting
* Concierge desk
* Evening turndown service
* Foreign exchange
* Housekeeping service daily
* Laundry on-site
* Local restaurant dinner delivery
* Newspaper delivered to room
* Newspaper in lobby
* Room service, 12:00 AM-12:00 AM, 24-hour
* Safe deposit boxes, front desk
* Valet dry-cleaning

Features
Guest Facilities
Airline reservation desk
Barber/Beauty shop
Car Rental onsite: Pearl Tours, 92-51-282-6121
Shopping & Stores
Bookstore
Florist
Gift/newsstand

Accessibility
Service animals allowed for persons with disabilities
There may be a fee for some guest services. Not all features and services are available in all rooms. Contact hotel for details.

Marriott Hotel Islamabad - Pakistan

The five-star international Islamabad Marriott Hotel is located at the foot steps of the famous Margalla Hills and is within close proximity to Rawal Lake, the town centre, President & Prime Minister Houses, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Senate, Parliament House, Foreign Missions, World Bank, Government Offices, corporate sector, Print and Electronic media offices etc. The Hotel is a favourite rendezvous of politicians, diplomats, businessmen and movers and shakers of the country. Owing to the perfect location of the hotel, it hardly takes half an hour to commute between the Hotel, the Islamabad International Airport and the places of interests.

Marriott Hotel Islamabad
Aga Khan Road, Shalimar 5-PO Box1251
Islamabad, Pakistan
Phone: 92 51 2826121
Fax: 92 51 2825113
Sales: 92 51 2826121 ext. 2701
Sales fax: 92 51 2201071

Email:marriott@isb.paknet.com.pk

General Information Abuot China

China refers to a number of states and cultures that have existed in continental East Asia for the last 4000 years. Depending on one's point of view, modern China can be described as a single civilization or multiple civilizations, as a single state or multiple states, and as a single nation or multiple nations. Chinese people tend to stress unity of a singular Chinese nation and unbroken continuity of a single Chinese civilization throughout history, while other observers tend to point out profound changes to Chinese civilization throughout history and internal diversity within modern China.

With one of the world's lengthiest periods of uninterrupted civilization, China's history has been largely characterized by repeated divisions and reunifications amid alternating periods of peace and war, as well as violent imperial dynastic change and successive incursions from outside. From the 2nd millennium BC onwards, the Chinese civilization(s) and states expanded outwards from a core area in the North China Plain, conquering, influencing, and assimilating foreign peoples, or being conquered, influenced and assimilated in turn. The extent of successive Chinese empires varied according to their moving fortunes.

For centuries, China was also one of the world's most technologically advanced civilizations, and East Asia's dominant cultural influence. However, by the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, China stagnated and fell behind, and was too weak militarily to repel European interference or invasion by the Empire of Japan. Imperial monarchy in China ended with the establishment of the Republic of China (ROC) in 1912; however, the next 4 decades of ROC rule were marred by warlordism, the Second Sino-Japanese War, and the Chinese Civil War.

After its victory in the Chinese Civil War, the Communist Party of China established the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, forcing the Republic of China (ROC) to retreat to Taiwan, which it had governed since the end of World War II. Since then, the ROC has maintained control over Taiwan, the Pescadores, several islands off the coast of Fujian, and some islands in the South China Sea. In the meantime, the United Kingdom and Portugal handed their colonies of Hong Kong and Macau on the Chinese coast to the PRC in 1997 and 1999, respectively. "China" used in a modern context often refers to just the territory of the PRC, or to "Mainland China", which refers to the territory of the PRC excluding Hong Kong and Macau.

The PRC does not recognize the ROC, as it claims to have succeeded the ROC in its legitimacy to govern all of China including Taiwan. On the other hand, the ROC, while never formally surrendering its claims to all of China, has moved away from its former identity as the ruler of China, and increasingly characterizes itself as Taiwan. The debate surrounding the nature and extent of China continue to fuel ongoing political disputes on Chinese reunification/Taiwan independence issues, described in greater detail in Political status of Taiwan.

Ayurveda in India

Kerala's equable climate, natural abundance of forests (with a wealth of herbs and medicinal plants), and the cool monsoon season (June - November) are best suited for Ayurveda's curative and restorative packages. In fact, today, Kerala is the only State in India which practises this system of medicine with absolute dedication. Ayurveda evolved around 600 BC in India. This new system of medicine stressed on the prevention of body ailments in addition to curing them. Followed by the Dravidians and Aryans alike, Ayurveda has been practised ever since. Today, it's a unique, indispensable branch of medicine - a complete naturalistic system that depends on the diagnosis of your body's humours - vata, pitta and kapha - to achieve the right balance. Ayurveda believes in the treatment of not just the affected part, but the individual as a whole. Making it the natural way to refresh yourself, eliminate all toxic imbalances from the body and thus regain resistance and good health.

Monsoon - Time for rejuvenation
Traditional texts reveal that the monsoon is the best season for rejuvenation programmes. The atmosphere remains dust-free and cool, opening the pores of the body to the maximum, making it most receptive to herbal oils and therapy.

Rejuvenative Programmes
Rejuvenation Therapy (Rasayana Chikitsa)
Tones up the skin and rejuvenates and strengthens all the tissues so as to achieve ideal health and longevity. Increases 'Ojas' (primary vitality) and improves 'Sattva' (mental clarity) and thereby increases the resistance of the body. Includes head and face massage with medicated oils and creams, body massage with herbal oil or powder by hand and foot, internal rejuvenative medicines and medicated steam bath. Herbal baths are also used.

Body Immunisation And Longevity Treatment (Kayakalpa Chikitsa)
Prime treatment for retarding the ageing process, arresting the degeneration of body cells and immunisation of the system. Includes intake of Rasayana (special Ayurvedic medicines and diet) and comprehensive body care programmes. Most effective for either sex if undertaken before the age of 50.

Body Sudation (Sweda Karma)
Medicated steam baths eliminate impurities from the body, improve the tone and complexion of the skin, reduce fat and are recommended for certain rheumatic diseases, particularly for pain. Precious herbs and herbal leaves are boiled and the steam is passed over the entire body for 10 to 20 minutes daily. Hand massage with herbal oils or herbal powder improves blood circulation and tones up the muscles.

Body Slimming
Medicated herbal powder and medicated herbal oil massages, an Ayurvedic diet of herbal juices etc. are part of the programme.

Beauty Care
Herbal face pack, herbal oil massage, intake of herbal tea etc. improves complexion and beautifies the body.

Mental And Physical Well Being (Meditation and Yoga)
Mental and physical exercises meant to isolate the ego from the body and mind - designed to hone your concentration, improve health and help attain peace of mind through eight stages of training : 1. Disciplined behaviour (yama) 2. Self purification (niyama) 3. Bodily postures such as the lotus position (asana) 4. Control of breathing (pranayama) 5. Control of the senses (pratyahara) 6. Fixing of the mind on a chosen object (dharana) 7. Meditation (dhyana) and 8. Samadhi - a state of being where you experience absolute tranquility and well being.

Overall Fitness (Panchakarma Treatment)
A five fold treatment for mental and physical well being - tunes the body, organs, mind, breath, nerves and purifies the blood.

Treatment Programmes
Treatment for chronic headaches, insomnia, mental tension and cases of hysteria, hallucination and insanity. (Dhara)
Herbal oils, medicated milk or butter milk and decoctions are poured on the forehead/whole body in a special manner. Variations include Oordhwanga Dhara (good for diseases of the eyes, ears and skin), Takra Dhara (for those suffering from memory loss, severe headache or insanity) and Sarvanga Dhara (for both head and body).

Treatment to alleviate osteoarthritis, leukemia etc. (Snehapanam)
Medicated ghee is given internally in a gradually increased quantity for specific periods.
Treatment for dryness of nostrils, mouth and throat, severe headaches, facial paralysis and burning sensation in the head. (Sirovasti)
Lukewarm herbal oils are poured into a leather cap fitted on the head for specific durations as per physician's recommendation.
Treatment for spondilosis, rheumatic diseases like arthritis, paralysis, hemiplegia, nervous weaknesses and nervous disorders.(Pizhichil)
Lukewarm herbal oil is applied with fresh linen all over the body by trained masseurs in a rhythmic manner for a period of 1 to 11/2 hours daily for 7 to 21 days.
Treatment for diseases like hemiplegia, paralysis, obesity and certain rheumatic ailments.(Udvarthanam)
Therapeutic massage with herbal powders.
Treatment for musculo-skeletal ailments due to trauma or accidents.(Marma Chikitsa)
Treatment that works on the extremely sensitive vital points of the body (the 107 marmas).
Treatment for nasal ailments. (Nasyam)
Inhalation of medicated herbal preparations, decoction oils, ghee etc. to eliminate the morbid factors from the head and neck area.

Treatment for ear ailments. (Karnapooranam)
Medicated oils are applied to the ear for 5 to 10 minutes daily to clean as well as treat specific ailments.

Preventing cataract and strengthening vision. (Tharpanam)
A treatment for the eyes effective in preventing cataract and strengthening the optic nerve.
Treatment for wasting of muscles, rheumatism, sports injuries, pain in the joints, emaciation of the body or parts of the body and certain kinds of skin diseases. (Njavarakizhi)
The whole body is made to perspire by the external application of medicated rice packs in the form of boluses tied in muslin bags.

Note :
1- The ayurvedic physician will decide on a separate programme for every individual after evaluation.
2- Short duration treatments for minor ailments like back pain, muscular pain, etc. with herbal steam bath, spinal bath and therapeutic massages will be provided only on the advice of the physician.
3- Women will have female technicians for body massage and other health programmes.
4- Some of the programmes are not suitable for the very aged, very young (under 7) infirm, heart patients and pregnant women.
5- If you have a previous medical history of heart trouble, blood pressure, blood sugar, chronic skin disease or asthma, please inform your physician in advance.
6- Advance reservation is recommended.

Information Sharjah - United Arab Emirates

The third largest of the seven emirates, Sharjah is situated between Dubai and Ajman. Once part of a single emirate with Ras Al Khaimah, Sharjah is ruled by the Al Qasimi family.

Under the guidance of His Highness Dr Shaikh Sultan bin Mohammad Al Qasimi, Sharjah has earned the title of the ‘cultural capital’ of the UAE.

The Emirate has some of the most interesting architecture in the country, an archeological museum, numerous examples of traditional watchtowers, a natural history museum and souks to rival any in the region, which are as good a place as any to buy carpets from Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan.

It is a good place to purchase carpets from Iran, Pakistan and Afganistan. The headquarters for the Authors' and Writers' Union in the UAE are located here, which has over a hundred publications to its credit and home to one of the best book fairs in the UAE are located here.

It used to be popular in the subcontinent for holding world class One Day International cricket matches, but sadly, the Sharjah Cup is no longer played out here.

Sharjah comprises some important oases, the most famous of which is Dhaid where a wide range of vegetables and fruits are cultivated on its rich and fertile soil.

Khor Fakkan, one such tourism spot, provides Sharjah with a major east coast port.

Information Ajman - United Arab Emirates

The Emirate of Ajman is situated on the coast of the Arabian Gulf, between the emirates of Umm Al Quwain and Sharjah.

It is a small emirate in terms of its physical size, covering about 259 square kilometres, which is equivalent to 0.3 per cent of the country's total area, excluding the islands.

The town of Ajman, the capital of the emirate, lies on the coast of the Arabian Gulf and has an historic fort that has been recently renovated housing a fascinating museum.

The two major regions in the emirate are Masfout, an agricultural village, lying in the mountains at a distance of 110 kilometres to the South east of the city, and Manama located 60 kilometres to the east.

The emirate enjoys sunshine and golden beaches.

Information Abu Dhabi - United Arab Emirates

Abu Dhabi’s Emirates Palace Hotel is one of the world’s only seven star hotels.

Abu Dhabi is the Federal capital and also the largest of the seven emirates covering more than 85 per cent of land that constitutes the UAE.

Its long coastline extends for more than 400 kilometres and was once the world's best waters for pearling and fishing.

In 1958, oil was first discovered here in commercial quantities. It holds more than 80 per cent of UAE’s oil reserves and 11 per cent of world’s reserve. This makes it by far the richest and most politically important of the UAE's seven emirates.

Abu Dhabi, besides its oil resources, is famous for The Abu Dhabi Duty Free, which is a major attractor due to its extravagant prizes and one of the finest duty free shopping centres in the world, and also The Abu Dhabi Shopping Festival.

Abu Dhabi is divided into three major regions:

ABU DHABI CITY

This is both the capital of the emirate and the federal capital, home of the Head of State, President His Highness Sheikh Zayed.

It also houses the parliamentary buildings, most of the federal ministries and institutions, foreign embassies and many oil companies. It is also home to famous educational institutions, like the Zayed University and several Higher Colleges of Technology
Major facilities include Mina (Port) Zayed and Abu Dhabi International Airport.

Souks and mosques maintain an Arabian charm in a city dominated by magnificent glass-and-steel high-rises. Abu Dhabi's Corniche is a favourite spot for people looking for a respite, beauty and tranquillity.

EASTERN REGION
The oasis city of Al Ain is the capital of this region and one of the greenest in Arabia.

Multitude of roundabouts offer a unique display of water, landscaping and sculpture. Boulevards are tree lined and there are no high rise buildings.

Al Ain is the home of the UAE University, the country's largest museum, important archaeological sites, the biggest zoo in the UAE, parks, gardens, farms and guest houses.

It is also one of the nations leading agricultural centres and now serviced by Al Ain International Airport.

WESTERN REGION

This comprises 52 villages and has as its capital Bida Zayed, or Zayed City. Extensive afforestation present here covering at least 100,000 hectares is a welcoming sight from the desert environment. The country's main onshore oil fields are located in Bab, Habshan, Bu Hasa, as is the country's largest oil refinery at Al Ruwais.

The Liwa Oasis in the south is the last stop before one of the world’s most severe deserts, The Empty Quarter - the size of Belgium, Holland, and France, combined, it is the largest sand dessert in the world stretching from the Arabian Peninsula to Yemen and Oman, including a large part of Saudi Arabia.

United Arab Emirates

UAE Essentials:
The country: The UAE is a country made up of seven 'emirates' Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al-Quwain, Ras Al-Khaimah, Fujairah. It was founded on December 2, 1971.

This is now celebrated as the annual National Day. This is when the major cities of the emirates are all brightly lit-up and decorated with lights.

The geography: The United Arab Emirates is situated on a pensinsula in the Arabian Gulf. It is bordered by Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the west and south. Iran is the closest country to it from the north. The UAE is 83,600 sq.km (including 200 islands - approximately).
On the map, it is situated at: Latitudes: 22¼ - 26.5¼ North Longitudes: 51¼ - 56.5¼ East
Timezone: The UAE is four hours ahead of GMT.
Telephone: The international dialling code for the UAE is 00 971Police: 999 Fire: 997

The government: The capital of the UAE is Abu Dhabi. This is where the seat of government is and where national decisions are made. However, each emirate has it's own ruler and each emirate has a degree of autonomy and can make up their own laws.

Language: The official language of the UAE is Arabic. Other languages spoken are English, Hindi, Farsi. A large number of the expatriate population are from the sub-continent, the Philippines, Iran, and just about any country. So you will find people here speaking Urdu, Tagalog, Malayalam, Russian, South African and languages.
Currency: The United Arab Emirates currency is called the Dirham. Arab Emirate Dirham (=Dhs or AED) 100 Fils = 1 Dirhams

Religion: The official religion of the United Arab Emirates is Islam. But other faiths are accepted and freedom of worship privately is given. Churches are common in some emirates and in Dubai you will even find a Hindu Temple.
Climate: Moderate climate is found between October and March when days are sunny and pleasant (Average Temperature - 26¼ C). Nights are Cool (average temperature is 15¼ C) Summer is between April and September, when temperatures peak at 50¼ C with high humidity levels. In the summer, southerly and northerly winds blow over the UAE with occasional sandstorms.

Population: The Population of the United Arab Emirates at the end of 2005 was 4.041 million.
Economy: The UAE is a major player in the global oil industry. The emirate of Abu Dhabi alone accounts for 10 per cent of the world's confirmed oil reserves (98 billion barrels). Trade, too, is booming with each emirate establishing a free zone with no taxes to encourage companies to set up their manufacturing and export units here. The UAE's Gross Domestic Product in 2002 stood at Dh262.03 billion ($71.4 billion)The oil sector accounted for (2002) Dhs 62.8 billion while the non-oil sector accounted for Dh199.2 billion ($54.2 billion) Per capita income: Dh70,000 ($19,080)
VISAS AND IMMIGRATION: Types of visa (As of 16th August 2005)
Visit visa: It must be sponsored by an individual, such as a relative, or an establishment. The application is submitted by the sponsor with all required documents. It is issued for Dh100 for two months and is renewable for another month for a fee of Dh500.
The citizens of following countries can get a 30-day visit visa free of charge upon arrival, entitling them to stay for 60 days and the visa can be renewed once for another 30 days for an additional fee of Dh500: Britain, France, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Portugal, Ireland, Greece, Cyprus, Finland, Malta, Spain, Monaco, Vatican, Iceland, Andorra, San Marino, Liechtenstein, United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Brunei, Singapore, Malaysia and Hong Kong.
Tourist Visa: It is available for tourists sponsored by tour operating companies and hotels. It is issued for 30 days for a fee of Dh100 and an additional Dh10 for delivery. This is non-renewable.
Special Mission Entry Visa: This is issued for a non-renewable 14 days for a fee of Dh220 and a delivery charge of Dh10. Commonly known as a transit visa, it is collected by the visitor upon arrival. It is issued to businessmen and tourists sponsored by a company or commercial establishment or a hotel licensed to operate in the UAE.

Mission Visa: The newly added type of visa, it is issued for the purpose of temporary work in the country. It is issued for a maximum of 180 days with a combined fee of Dh1,800. It is issued for three months against a fee of Dh600 and can be renewed for another three months against a fee of Dh1,200. It has been introduced to facilitate Labour Ministry's Temporary Work Permit. An applicant must obtain the permit from the Labour Ministry first to get the visa.
Transit Visa: It is issued to travellers transiting through UAE airports. It issued for 96 hours and must be sponsored by an airline operating in the UAE. The visitor must have a valid ticket for onward flight. There is no charge for this permit.
Multiple Entry Visa: It is an option for businessmen who are frequent visitors to the UAE and who have a relationship with a reputable company here. This multiple visa is valid for six months from the date of issue and costs Dh1,000. However, each visit must not exceed 30 days. The visitor must enter the UAE on a visit visa and obtain the multiple entry visa while he is here.

Residence Visa: A residence visa is required for those who intend to enter the UAE to live indefinitely with a person who is already a resident. It is issued to the immediate kin of a resident for three years for a fee of Dh300. The residence permit becomes invalid if the resident remains more than six months at a time out of the country.
Parents of residents are issued residence visas after special approval with a renewable validity of one year for a fee of Dh100 for each year. A refundable deposit of Dh5,000 has to be paid for each parent.

Investor Visa: It is issued to an expatriate investor in partnership with a local. The foreign investor must hold a minimum stake of Dh70,000 in the share capital. Like the residence visa, it is issued for three years for a fee of Dh300.
Employment Visa: Employment Visa or Permit is issued by the Immigration Department to a foreign national who wishes to work for a company in the UAE upon the approval of the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. It allows the holder to enter the UAE once for a period of 30 days and is valid for two months from the date of issue. When the employee has entered the country on the basis of the employment visa, the sponsoring company will arrange to complete the formalities of stamping his residence.

Sikandra Tomb of Akbar

Four kilometers from Agra is the mausoleum of Akbar. Construction of this beautiful monument was started by Akbar himself. This structure is a perfect blend of Hindu, Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jain motifs. But Akbar died before his mausoleum could be completed and his son Jehangir completed it.

Jehangir made many modifications in the original plan of the building. The structure gives an excellent idea as to how the Moghal art was developing. From the Humayun's tomb in Delhi to Akbar's Tomb in Sikandra finally to the Taj Mahal.

Sikandra is named after Sikander Lodhi. The tomb has three-storey-minarets on its four corners. These minarets are built in red sandstone with stunning inlay work of marble.

And of course langur monkeys wait on the walkways to be fed. The mausoleum is surrounded by a beautiful garden. The Baradi palace in the gardens was built by Sikander Lodhi. On the road from Sikandra to Agra are several tombs and two 'Kos Minars' or mile stones

Taj Mahal Architecture

Shahjahan purchased a plot of land from Raja Jai Singh on the banks of Yamuna River for building the Taj Mahal. Raja Jai Singh was also instructed by Shahjahan to provide a regular supply of special, hard and non-porous marble from the quarries of Makrana. A 2½-mile (4.02 km) road ramp was built to haul huge pieces of marble to the site of the construction. Strangely the scaffolding of this magnificent building was made, not of wood or bamboo, but with bricks. It is probable that the lack of wood made the architects to make brick scaffoldings.

Though Shahjahan provided the vision behind the entire concept, he was assisted in his endeavor by a number of architects. The name of the architect, which is often mentioned during the building of Taj Mahal, is that of Muhammad Isa Khan, who hailed from Shiraz in Iran. It is also said that a creative nucleus of 37 people formed the core advisory group behind this gigantic project. The construction of Taj Mahal commenced in 1632. Work on the mausoleum started in frenzy with thousands of artisans and laborers toiling ceaselessly day after day. It is said that Taj Mahal took 21 years to complete, with the help of an army of 20,000 laborers, who worked under the guidance of Shahjahan. It is also said that the royal coffers went dry after this project was over.

At the end of the first year of construction the mausoleum had taken shape and the crypt chamber along with its surrounding works were also completed. The body of Mumtaz Mahal was ceremoniously interred into the tomb. Six years of extensive labor saw the main building of the mausoleum complete and crowned with a majestic guava shaped dome. According to some historians the major construction of Taj Mahal was completed in about 10 years time.

Taj Mahal - The Plana
Perfect piece of architecture, the Taj Mahal is built according to a predefined plan. It is built according to the Islamic concept of Paradise, where an enormous, shimmering pearl white dome stands supported by four corner pillars, from which flow the rivers of grace.

The massive plinth on which the Taj Mahal stands is representative of the material world, while the octagonal main structure signifies the transitional phase. Finally the dome is symbolic of being the vault of the heaven. To complete the illusion of the paradise, the tomb has been ornamented with splendidly calligraphy of verses from the holy Koran, in flowing Arabic. An inscription written on the massive front gateway leading to the gardens in front of the Taj reads, O soul that art at rest, return to the lord, at peace with Him and He at peace with you. So enter as one of His servants and enter into His garden.

The Taj is marked by perfect symmetry and harmony, be it the shape of the four towering minarets; the cupolas (chhatris); the central arch in the façade; the perfectly arranged arched recesses on both the story’s; the intricate pietra dura (stone inlay work); the delicate lattice work on marble windows or the magnificent dome. Even the mosque and the guesthouse (mehmankhana) are a mirror image of one another.

However, there is one thing, which breaks the perfectly harmonious plan of the Taj Mahal - its position. Instead of locating the Taj Mahal in the middle of the Charbagh (four garden plan), Shahjahan built the mausoleum at the far end of the garden, with the back wall falling straight down to the bed of Yamuna River.

Taj Mahal Information

Taj Mahal,One of the modern seven wonders of the world. It is considered one of the most beautiful buildings in the world and the finest example of the late style of Indian Islamic architecture. The Mughal emperor Shah Jahan ordered it built after the death (1629) of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Set in its carefully laid out grounds, it is a reflection of the gardens of Paradise to which the faithful ascend. The entire complex, with gardens, gateway structures, and mosque, was completed in 1653. The Taj Mahal mausoleum stands at one end of the garden adorned with fountains and marble pavements. The garden contains four water channels to echo the four rivers of the Islamic Paradise. It rises from a platform 313 ft (95 m) on a side, bearing a white marble minaret at each corner; the enclosure, 186 ft (57 m) on a side, has truncated corners and a high portal on each side. The white marble exterior is inlaid with semiprecious stones arranged in Arabic inscriptions (designed by a local artist Amanat Khan, who was Shah Jahan's calligrapher), floral designs, and arabesques, and the salient features of the interior are accented with agate, jasper, and colored marbles. The roofing dome, on the inside, is 80 ft (24.4m) high and 50 ft (15.2 m) in diameter; outside it forms a bulb, which tapers to a spire topped by a crescent. The tomb chamber, with its two sarcophagi, is an octagonal room in the center of the edifice (the royal couple, however, are buried in an underground vault). The chamber is softly illuminated by the light that passes through double screens of intricately carved marble set high in the walls.

Indian Languages

India is a land of a variety of linguistic communities, each of which share a common language and culture. Though there could be fifteen principal languages there are hundreds of thousands dialects that add to the vividness of the country.

18 languages are officially recognized in India of which Sanskrit and Tamil share a long history of more than 5,000 and 3,000 years respectively. The population of people speaking each language varies drastically. For example Hindi has 250 million speakers, while Andamanese is spoken by relatively fewer people.

Tribal or Aboriginal language speaking population in India may be more than some of the European languages. For instance Bhili and Santali both tribal languages have more than 4 million speakers. The vividness can be ascertained by the fact that schools in India teach more than 50 different languages; there are Films in 15 languages, Newspapers in 90 or more languages and radio programmes in 71 languages!

Indian languages come from four distinct families, which are: Indo-European, Dravidian, Mon-Khmer, and Sino-Tibetan. Majority of Indian population uses Indo-European and Dravidian languages. The language families divide India geographically too.

Indo-European languages dominate the northern and central India while in south India; mainly languages of Dravidian origin are spoken. In eastern India languages of Mon-Khmer group is popular. Sino Tibetan languages are spoken in the northern Himalayas and close to Burmese border. In terms of percentage, 75% of Indian population speaks languages of Indo-European family, 23% speak languages of Dravidian origin and about 2% of the population speaks Mon-Khmer languages and Sino-Tibetan languages.

Places To Visit Delhi

Delhi - General Information

A blend of historic past and vibrant present, Delhi the capital city of India typifies the soul of the country. Legend has it, Inderprastha as was known earlier, founded by the Pandavas around 1200 BC. Several times mighty empires arose and fell here. Today, the city is curious blend of the modern and traditional sky scrappers, beautiful gardens, wide tree lined avenues perpetuate the Mughul passion of landscaping and architectural excellence. There are open air cafes, Yoga Ashrams, sophisticated hotels. An walled city build by the Mughuls. Glittering shops, roadside wanderers and a world of culture and tradition to be explored.

Area: 1483 sq. kms.
Altitude: 239 mts
Temperature (deg C): Summer- Max.45, Min.27; Winter- Max.25.5, Min.4.
Languages Spoken : Hindi, English, Urdu and Punjabi.
Best Season : September to March
STD code: 011

TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION
Air: Delhi is well connected with major cities in India and world.
Rail: Delhi is the headquarters of the Northern Railway and is well connected with all of the major places in India.

Road: Delhi is at the intersection of several national highways and is well connected by regular bus services from Inter State bus terminal (ISBT), Kashmiri Gate (2968709), Anand vihar (2149089), and Sarai Kale Khan (4698343). Some of the important road distances are Agra-203 kms, , Almora-373 kms, Amritsar -447 kms, Bharatpur-190 kms, Calcutta-1490 kms, Chandigarh -238 kms, Jaipur-258 kms, Khajuraho-596 kms, Kullu-502 kms, Lucknow 514 kms, Mathura-147 kms, Mumbai Mussoorie-269 kms, Nainital-318 kms, Shimla -343 kms, Shrinagar-376 kms, Udaipur-663 kms, Varanasi-738 kms etc.


FIVE STAR DELUXE HOTELS
Ashok Hotel (ITDC)
Chanakyapuri, 26110101 Fax: 26873216
E mail: ashoknd@ndb.vsnl.net.in

Inter-Continental The Grand New Delhi,
Barakhamba Avenue, Connaught Place ,
23411001 , 23411234 Fax: 23412233
E mail: newdelhi@interconti.com

Centaur Hotel
IGI Airport, 25652223, 25696660 Fax: 25652256
E mail: centaur@ndf.vsnl.net.in

Crown Plaza Surya
New Friends Colony, 26835070 Fax: 26837758
E mail: suryahotsales@vsnl.net

The Taj Mahal Hotel
No. 1 Mansingh Road , 23026162 Fax: 23026070
E mail: tmhbe@tajhotels.com

The Park
15, Parliament Street, 23743000 Fax:23744000
E mail: gm.del@theparkhotels.com

The Oberoi
Dr. Zakir Hussain Road 24363030 Fax: 24360484
E mail: reservations@oberoidel.com

The Grand New Delhi
Nelson Mandela Road, Vasant Kunj, Phase-II
26121234, 26771234 Fax: 26895891
E-mail: info.ghdelhi@hyattintl.com

Taj Palace Hotel
Sardar Patel Marg, Diplomatic Enclave,
26110202 Fax: 26110808
E mail: palace.delhi@tajhotels.com

Radisson Hotel Delhi
N.H.8, Mahipalpur, 26779191, Fax: 26779090
E mail: raddel@del2.vsnl.net.in
Park Royal Inter-Continental

Nehru Place 26223344 Fax: 26224288
E-mail: admin@parkroyal.co.in

ITC Hotel Maurya Sheraton & Towers
Diplomatic Enclave, 26112233, Fax-26113333
E mail: mauryaguest@usa.net

Le Meridien New Delhi,
Windsor Palace, Janpath, 23710101
Fax: 23714545
E mail: info@lemeridien-newdelhi.com

Hyatt Regency Delhi,
Bhikaji Cama Palace
26791234 Fax: 26791024
E mail: hyatt@del2.vsnl.net.in

Hotel Vasant Continental
Vasant Vihar,
26148800, 26141177 Fax: 26148900
E mail: hvc@del3.vsnl.net.in


FIVE STAR HOTELS
Uppal's Orchid
N.H.8, Near IGI Airport 25061515 Fax:25061516
E-mail: info@uppalsorchidhotel.com

The Metropolitan Hotel Nikko
Bangla Sahib Rd. 23342000 Fax: 23343000
E-mail: nikko@hotelnikkodelhi.com

The Claridges
12 Aurangzeb Road 23010211 FaX; 23010625
E mail : claridges.hotel@gems.vsnl.net.in

The Ambassador Hotel
Sujan Singh Park 24632600 Fax: 24632252
E mail: ambassador.delhi@tajhotels.com

Qutab Hotel, Shaheed Jeet Singh Marg
26521010 Fax:26968287
E mail: qutab@del3.vsnl.net.in
E-mail: resqutab@vsnl.net

Hotel Siddharth
3, Rajendra Place, 25762501, Fax: 25781016
E mail : jhl@del2.vsnl.net.in

Hotel Samrat (ITDC)
Chanakyapuri 26110606 Fax: 26887047
E-mail:- smart21@ndb.vsnl.net.in

Hotel Imperial
Janpath, 23341234, 23345678 Fax: 23342255
E mail: luxury@imperialindia.com

FOUR STAR HOTELS
The Hans Plaza
15, Barakhamba Road 23316868 Fax: 23314830
E mail: hansotel@nde.vsnl.net.in

Maidens Hotel
7, Sham Nath Marg 23975464 Fax:23980771
E mail: bsparmar@tomdel.com

Hotel Marina
G-59, Connaught Circus 23324658 Fax: 23328609
E mail: marina@nde.vsnl.net.in

The Connaught
37, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Marg 23364225
Fax: 23340757
E mail: prominent.hotels@gems.vsnl.net.in

Hotel Janpath
Janpath Road 23340070 Fax: 23347083
E mail: janpath@ndf.vsnl.net.in

Diplomat
9, Sardar Patel Road 23010204, Fax: 23018605
E mail: diplomat@nda.vsnl.net.in

Hotel City Park
K.P. Block, Pitam Pura 27310101-09 Fax:27310110
E-mail: hotelcitypark@vsnl.net

Hotel Alka
16/90 Connaught Circus 23344328 Fax:23742796
E-mail: hotelalka@vsnl.com

THREE STAR HOTELS
The Tivoli Garden Resort,
Chattarpur Mandir Road 26301111 Fax:26303093
E-mail: tivoli@vsnl.com

Hotel Tourist Deluxe
7361, Ram Nagar, Opp. New Delhi Rly. Station
23670985 Fax: 23558416
E mail: touristdeluxe@vsnl.net

Hotel Jageer Palace
C 6/1 Mansarover Garden, Ring Road
25412939, 25934500 Fax: 25462052
E-mail: info@hoteljageerpalace.com

Krishna Continental
31-32, Community Center (behind Anupam PVR)
Saket, NewDelhi-17
26850102/03, Fax: 26513791

York Hotel
K-Block, Connought Place 23415769 Fax:23414419
E-mail: hotelyork@yahoo.com

Hotel Broadway
4/15-A, Asaf Ali Rd. 23273821-25, Fax: 23269966
E-mail: broadway@vsnl.net

Nirula's Hotel
L-Block, Connaught Circus 51517070 Fax:23418957
E mail: delhihotel@nirulas.com

Hotel Surya Continemtal
J-14, Community Centre, Rajouri Garden
254678808-09 Fax: 25122883

The Retreat Motel Resort,
Alipur Byepass, G.T. Road

TWO STAR HOTELS
Hotel Manor
77-Friends Colony 26925151, 26927510,
E mail:- manordel@vsnl.net.i Fax: 26922299

Hotel Jukaso Inn
50 Sunder Nagar 24350308-09 Fax: 24354402
E-mail: jukaso@hotmail.com

Hotel Alka Annexe
M-76, Connaught Place 23416680 Fax:23742796
E-mail: hotelalka@vsnl.com

Hotel Maharaja
A-37, Vishal Enclave, Opp. Vishal Cinema
New Delhi-27

Hotel Regal
S.P. Mukherjee Marg 23976232, 23943999
Fax: 23915254

ONE STAR HOTELS
Hotel Fifty Five
H-55, Connought Place 23321244, 23321278
E mail: hotelfiftyfive@hotmail.com
Fax: 23320796

Hotel Bhagirath Palace
Chandni Chowk 23866223, 23866723
E-mail: hotbha@yahoo.com Fax: 23866223

Hotel Gold Regency
4350,Main Bazar, Paharganj 23562101, 23585559
Fax: 23580606 E-mail: info@goldregency.com

Hotel Airlines
Opp. New Delhi Rly. Station 23522677
Fax: 23522928

Hotel Kundan International
9988 Gali No.6, Sarai Rohilla Chowk,
New Rohtak Road

OTHER ACCOMMODATION
Hotel Oasis
HD.8, Pitampura 27316869, 27231274
E-mail: info@oasisgrp.com Fax: 27317765

Madhuban Inn
B-71, Greater Kailash -I
Opp ANZ Grindlays Bank 26219982, 26431923
E-mail: rajeshgulati6@hotmail.com

Park View Hotel
72, Bagh Diwar, Fatehpuri, Chandni Chowk
55350053, 23941821 Fax: 23941821
E-mail: hotelparkview@rediffmail.com

Vivek Hotel
1534-50 Main Bazar, Paharganj 23512900 -02
Fax: 27537103 E-mail: vivekhotel@mailcity.com

About Pakistan

Flag Description

Three equal horizontal bands of saffron (subdued orange) (top), white, and green with a blue chakra (24-spoked wheel) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of Niger, which has a small orange disk centered in the white band

Introducing Pakistan

Pakistan displays some of Asia’s most magnificent landscapes as it stretches from the Arabian Sea, its southern border, to some of the world’s most spectacular mountain ranges in the north. Pakistan is also home to sites that date back to word’s earliest settlements rivaling those of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia.

Location
Located in South Asia, Pakistan shares an eastern border with India and a north-eastern border with China. Iran makes up the country’s south-west border, and Afghanistan runs along its western and northern edge. The Arabian Sea is Pakistan’s southern boundary with 1,064 km of coastline.

The country has a total area of 796,095 sq km and is nearly four times the size of the United Kingdom. From Gwadar Bay in its south-eastern corner, the country extends more than 1,800 km to the Khunjerab Pass on China’s border.